Effect of pranayama on mental health: A review of evidence and implication

• Author Details:   
• Smriti Pandey ^*
• Brajesh Gupta

Mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and chronic stress are rising globally, prompting interest in complementary and alternative therapies. Pranayam, a yogic discipline involving regulated breathing techniques, has shown promise in enhancing mental well-being. This review synthesizes current evidence on the psychological benefits of Pranayam, with emphasis on its neurophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications. Studies indicate that regular Pranayam practice significantly reduces anxiety and depressive symptoms, improves stress resilience, and enhances emotional regulation. These effects are partly mediated through modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, increased vagal tone, and improved autonomic balance. Additionally, Pranayam promotes mindfulness and cognitive clarity, contributing to improved mental health even among non-clinical populations. While findings are encouraging, further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to standardize protocols and confirm long-term efficacy. Pranayam emerges as a safe, low-cost, and accessible intervention with significant potential for integration into mental health promotion strategies.